Tooth wear is a common dental concern that can result from various factors, including chewing habits, brushing techniques, dietary choices, and underlying medical conditions. There are several types of tooth wear, each with its own causes and characteristics. Here are the main types:
1. Abfraction:
Abfraction refers to the loss of tooth structure at the gum line, typically caused by excessive stress or force applied during biting and chewing. This type of wear often results from habitual clenching or grinding of teeth (bruxism). Over time, the repeated flexing of teeth under pressure can lead to microfractures and enamel loss at the cervical area of the tooth, creating wedge-shaped notches. Abfraction can be exacerbated by factors such as malocclusion (improper teeth alignment) and occlusal interferences.
2. Abrasion:
Abrasion occurs when tooth enamel wears away due to mechanical friction from external factors, such as aggressive tooth brushing, using abrasive toothpaste, or using toothpicks or other objects to clean teeth. In some cases, habits like chewing on pens or biting nails can also contribute to abrasion. The abrasive action gradually wears down the enamel, leading to thinning and exposure of dentin, the softer tissue beneath the enamel. Common signs of abrasion include notches at the gum line and sensitivity to hot or cold stimuli.
3. Attrition:
Attrition refers to the natural wear of tooth surfaces that occurs as a result of tooth-to-tooth contact during chewing and grinding. This type of wear is considered normal and typically increases with age. However, excessive attrition can occur in individuals who habitually grind or clench their teeth, a condition known as bruxism. Attrition can lead to flattened or worn-down tooth surfaces, as well as increased sensitivity and susceptibility to fractures.
4. Erosion:
Erosion involves the chemical dissolution of tooth enamel by acidic substances, such as acidic foods and beverages, gastric acids from conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or frequent vomiting associated with conditions like bulimia. Acidic erosion softens and wears away the enamel, leading to surface indentations, roughness, and eventual exposure of dentin. Common culprits of erosion include citrus fruits, sodas, fruit juices, and vinegar-based products. Erosion can also be exacerbated by factors such as dry mouth, which reduces saliva's protective buffering effect against acids.
It is important to note that patients can have a mixture of all types of tooth wear above. Preventing and managing tooth wear involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, proper dental hygiene practices, and addressing underlying issues such as bruxism or acid reflux. Regular dental check-ups can help detect early signs of wear and allow for timely intervention to prevent further damage and maintain oral health. Additionally, using a soft-bristled toothbrush, practicing gentle brushing techniques, and limiting consumption of acidic foods and beverages can help minimize the risk of tooth wear.
Comentários